/* Navy + orange: academic, high contrast, pairs with lab logo */

:root {
  --navy: #1b2a4a;
  --navy-deep: #141f36;
  --navy-mid: #243552;
  --header-start: var(--navy-deep);
  --header-end: var(--navy);
  --accent: #ea580c;
  --accent-hover: #c2410c;
  --accent-soft: rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.14);
  --accent-glow: rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.22);
  --text: #1e293b;
  --text-muted: #64748b;
  --link: #ea580c;
  --link-hover: #c2410c;
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --card: #ffffff;
  --border: rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.12);
  --shadow: rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.1);
  --max: 900px;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --navy: #1b2a4a;
    --navy-deep: #0f172a;
    --navy-mid: #1e293b;
    --header-start: #0f172a;
    --header-end: #1b2a4a;
    --text: #e2e8f0;
    --text-muted: #94a3b8;
    --link: #fb923c;
    --link-hover: #fdba74;
    --bg: #0f172a;
    --card: #1e293b;
    --border: rgba(251, 146, 60, 0.18);
    --shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    --accent: #fb923c;
    --accent-hover: #fdba74;
    --accent-soft: rgba(251, 146, 60, 0.12);
    --accent-glow: rgba(251, 146, 60, 0.2);
  }
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

html,
body {
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--text);
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  font-family: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial,
    "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji";
  line-height: 1.65;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

a {
  color: var(--link);
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--link-hover);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Top bar */
header.site-header {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 300;
  background: linear-gradient(115deg, var(--header-start) 0%, var(--header-end) 45%, var(--navy-mid) 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 16px var(--shadow);
}

.site-header-inner {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: max(16px, env(safe-area-inset-top, 0px)) max(20px, env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px)) 16px
    max(20px, env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px));
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
}

.site-header-controls {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  cursor: pointer;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}

.nav-toggle:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
}

.nav-toggle:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.nav-toggle-bar {
  display: block;
  width: 22px;
  height: 2px;
  border-radius: 1px;
  background: #f8fafc;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s ease;
}

.nav-toggle.is-open .nav-toggle-bar:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(8px) rotate(45deg);
}

.nav-toggle.is-open .nav-toggle-bar:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

.nav-toggle.is-open .nav-toggle-bar:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-8px) rotate(-45deg);
}

.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: #f8fafc !important;
}

.brand:hover {
  color: #ffffff !important;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-logo {
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.brand-text {
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px 18px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  align-items: center;
}

.site-nav a {
  color: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.92) !important;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  padding: 6px 2px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.site-nav a:hover {
  color: #ffffff !important;
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .nav-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
  }

  .site-nav {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    flex-direction: column;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
    padding: 8px 0 16px;
    margin: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--navy) 0%, var(--navy-deep) 100%);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
  }

  .site-nav.is-open {
    display: flex;
  }

  .site-nav a {
    padding: 14px max(20px, env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px));
    min-height: 48px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    border-left: 3px solid transparent;
  }

  .site-nav a:hover {
    border-left-color: var(--accent);
    border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
  }

  body.nav-open {
    overflow: hidden;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 769px) {
  .site-nav {
    display: flex !important;
  }
}

.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

/* In-page jump navigation (publications years, lab sections) */
.page-nav {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem 0;
  padding: 0 0 1rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.page-nav-head {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.5rem 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.page-nav-label {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.page-nav-label--hint {
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: none;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}

.page-lead {
  margin: -0.25rem 0 1.25rem 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.page-lead a {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.year-rail {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem 0;
  padding: 0.35rem 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: hidden;
  scroll-snap-type: x proximity;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  scrollbar-width: thin;
}

.year-rail li {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  scroll-snap-align: start;
}

.year-rail a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 36px;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  color: var(--navy) !important;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  text-decoration: none !important;
}

.year-rail a:hover {
  background: var(--accent-glow);
  color: var(--link-hover) !important;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  .year-rail a {
    color: #f1f5f9 !important;
  }
}

.year-rail::after {
  content: "";
  flex: 0 0 4px;
}

.year-select-wrap {
  max-width: 100%;
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .year-select-wrap {
    display: none;
  }
}

.year-select {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 320px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 10px;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px var(--shadow);
}

.section-rail {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.35rem 0 0 0;
}

.section-rail li {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.section-rail a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 38px;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.95rem;
  border-radius: 10px;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  color: var(--navy) !important;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  text-decoration: none !important;
}

.section-rail a:hover {
  background: var(--accent-glow);
  color: var(--link-hover) !important;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  .section-rail a {
    color: #f1f5f9 !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 639px) {
  .page-nav--lab .section-rail {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    padding-bottom: 0.35rem;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }
}

section.pub-year,
#ongoing,
#people,
#lab-intro {
  scroll-margin-top: 5.5rem;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  section.pub-year,
  #ongoing,
  #people,
  #lab-intro {
    scroll-margin-top: 4.5rem;
  }
}

main {
  padding-top: 8px;
  min-width: 0;
}

.container {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 28px max(20px, env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px)) max(48px, calc(32px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px)))
    max(20px, env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px));
}

/* Home: headshot + intro */
.hero {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 28px 36px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.headshot {
  width: min(240px, 100%);
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 14px;
  object-fit: cover;
  aspect-ratio: 343 / 332;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px var(--shadow);
  border: 3px solid var(--card);
  background: var(--card);
}

.hero-text {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: min(100%, 280px);
}

.hero-text h1 {
  margin-top: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.15rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  .hero-text h1 {
    color: #f1f5f9;
  }
}

/* Lab: logo + title */
.lab-hero {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 20px 28px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  padding: 24px 26px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--card) 0%, rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.04) 100%);
  border-radius: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 28px var(--shadow);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--accent);
}

.lab-logo {
  width: 140px;
  height: auto;
  max-width: min(140px, 40vw);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, var(--accent-soft));
  padding: 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 24px var(--shadow);
  display: block;
}

.lab-hero-text h1 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 3.5vw, 1.75rem);
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  flex: 1;
  min-width: min(100%, 240px);
  color: var(--navy);
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  .lab-hero-text h1 {
    color: var(--text);
  }

  .lab-logo {
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--card), var(--accent-soft));
  }

  .lab-hero {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--card) 0%, rgba(251, 146, 60, 0.06) 100%);
  }
}

/* Lab page: section headings (navy + orange accent) */
.lab-page .section-heading {
  margin: 2.75rem 0 1.25rem 0;
  padding: 0 0 0.6rem 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--navy);
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--accent);
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  .lab-page .section-heading {
    color: #f1f5f9;
  }
}

.lab-intro {
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

ul.lab-threads {
  margin: 0.35rem 0 1.15rem;
  padding-left: 1.35rem;
}

.lab-threads li {
  margin: 0.55rem 0;
  padding-left: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--text);
}

.lab-threads li::marker {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.lab-theme-pill {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
  padding: 0.22rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--navy) !important;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  vertical-align: baseline;
}

.lab-theme-pill--governance {
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.14), var(--accent-soft));
}

.lab-theme-pill--behavior {
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, var(--accent-soft), rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.08));
}

.lab-theme-pill--audits {
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.08), rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.2));
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  .lab-theme-pill {
    color: #f1f5f9 !important;
  }

  .lab-theme-pill--governance {
    background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.6), var(--accent-soft));
  }

  .lab-theme-pill--behavior {
    background: linear-gradient(120deg, var(--accent-soft), rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.45));
  }

  .lab-theme-pill--audits {
    background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.45), rgba(251, 146, 60, 0.25));
  }
}

/* Ongoing projects: card grid */
ul.project-grid {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0.25rem;
  padding: 0;
}

.project-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 300px), 1fr));
  gap: 1.15rem;
}

li.project-card {
  display: block;
}

.project-card {
  position: relative;
  padding: 1.2rem 1.3rem 1.3rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--card) 0%, rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.06) 100%);
  border-radius: 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 14px var(--shadow);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.project-card::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--navy), var(--accent), var(--accent-hover));
  border-radius: 4px 0 0 4px;
}

.project-card:nth-child(2n) {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--card) 0%, rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.07) 100%);
}

.project-card:nth-child(3n) {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--card) 0%, rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.08) 55%, rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.06) 100%);
}

.project-card-title {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--navy);
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  .project-card-title {
    color: #f8fafc;
  }
}

.project-card-desc {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem 0;
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--text);
}

.project-card-links {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.project-card-links a {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.positive-queue {
  font-variant: small-caps;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

/* Lab: people hierarchy */
.people-tree {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.people-level {
  margin: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: var(--card);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px var(--shadow);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.people-level > summary {
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.72rem 0.95rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--text);
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.06), rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.08));
}

.people-level > summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.people-level > summary::before {
  content: ">";
  display: inline-block;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--accent);
  transform: rotate(0deg);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.people-level[open] > summary::before {
  transform: rotate(90deg);
}

.people-level--top > summary {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
}

.people-level--sub {
  margin-top: 0.7rem;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.people-level--sub > summary {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  padding: 0.58rem 0.82rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.04), rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.06));
}

.people-level > .people-chip-list,
.people-level > .people-sublevels,
.people-level > .people-level-content {
  padding: 0.78rem 0.9rem 0.9rem;
}

.people-sublevels {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
}

.people-chip-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.people-level--alumni-names-vertical .people-chip-list {
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.people-chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.72rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.06), var(--accent-soft));
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.people-chip a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.people-chip a:hover {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.people-chip--muted {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.04), rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.02));
}

.alumni-person {
  margin: 0;
}

.alumni-person > summary {
  list-style: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.alumni-person > summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.alumni-person > summary.people-chip::after {
  content: ">";
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-left: 0.3rem;
  transform: rotate(0deg);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.alumni-person[open] > summary.people-chip::after {
  transform: rotate(90deg);
}

.alumni-person-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  margin: 0.45rem 0 0 0.1rem;
}

.alumni-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  width: fit-content;
  max-width: 100%;
  padding: 0.32rem 0.62rem;
  border-radius: 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(27, 42, 74, 0.08), var(--accent-soft));
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.stars-flag {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Floating back-to-top control */
.back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  right: max(16px, env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px));
  bottom: max(20px, calc(16px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px)));
  z-index: 350;
  min-width: 44px;
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, var(--navy), var(--accent));
  color: #ffffff;
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px var(--shadow);
  cursor: pointer;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(12px);
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease, filter 0.2s ease;
}

.back-to-top:hover {
  filter: brightness(1.05);
}

.back-to-top:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.back-to-top.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.lab-footer-note {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.15rem;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.lab-footer-note a {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.page-heading {
  margin: 0 0 18px 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 3.5vw, 2rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--navy);
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  .page-heading {
    color: #f1f5f9;
  }
}

h2 {
  margin: 28px 0 12px 0;
  font-size: 1.28rem;
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 650;
}

hr.sep {
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  margin: 24px 0;
}

.prose {
  max-width: 760px;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}

.prose p {
  margin: 12px 0;
  color: var(--text);
}

.prose strong {
  color: var(--text);
}

.contact-email {
  font-weight: 500;
  word-break: break-word;
}

/* Publications */
.publications-list {
  margin-top: 8px;
  min-width: 0;
}

section.pub-year {
  margin-top: 2.25rem;
}

section.pub-year:first-of-type {
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

h2.pub-year-heading {
  margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
  padding-bottom: 0.45rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--navy);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent-soft);
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  h2.pub-year-heading {
    color: #e2e8f0;
  }
}

article.pub-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
  grid-template-areas:
    "num title"
    "num authors"
    "num meta"
    ". abstract";
  column-gap: 1rem;
  row-gap: 0.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.35rem;
  padding: 1.1rem 1.15rem 1.15rem;
  background: var(--card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 14px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 14px var(--shadow);
  min-width: 0;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}

article.pub-item:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.pub-num {
  grid-area: num;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  opacity: 0.85;
  padding-top: 0.15rem;
  min-width: 1.5rem;
}

h3.pub-title {
  grid-area: title;
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.38;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--text);
}

p.pub-authors {
  grid-area: authors;
  margin: 0.35rem 0 0 0;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 450;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-style: italic;
}

p.pub-meta {
  grid-area: meta;
  margin: 0.4rem 0 0 0;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.pub-venue {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
}

.pub-links a {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.pub-note {
  font-weight: 500;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .pub-note {
    white-space: normal;
  }
}

.pub-award {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .pub-award {
    white-space: normal;
  }
}

/* Abstract: grid placement on wrapper (JS) or direct <p> if no script */
.pub-abstract-block {
  grid-area: abstract;
  margin: 0.65rem 0 0 0;
  padding: 0.65rem 0 0 0.85rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-soft);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  min-width: 0;
}

article.pub-item > p.pub-abstract {
  grid-area: abstract;
  margin: 0.65rem 0 0 0;
  padding: 0.65rem 0 0 0.85rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-soft);
}

.pub-abstract-block p.pub-abstract {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border-left: none;
  width: 100%;
}

p.pub-abstract {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--text);
}

.pub-abstract-block--collapsed p.pub-abstract {
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.pub-abstract-toggle {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.35rem 0.45rem 0;
  margin-left: -0.35rem;
  border: none;
  background: none;
  color: var(--link);
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.4;
  min-height: 44px;
  cursor: pointer;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
  touch-action: manipulation;
}

.pub-abstract-toggle:hover {
  color: var(--link-hover);
}

.pub-abstract-toggle:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 2px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

#y-doctoral-thesis article.pub-item {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  grid-template-areas:
    "title"
    "meta"
    "abstract";
}

#y-doctoral-thesis .pub-title {
  grid-area: title;
}

#y-doctoral-thesis .pub-meta {
  grid-area: meta;
}

#y-doctoral-thesis article.pub-item > p.pub-abstract,
#y-doctoral-thesis .pub-abstract-block {
  grid-area: abstract;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .hero {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .hero-text {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .lab-hero {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .lab-hero-text h1 {
    text-align: center;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  article.pub-item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-areas:
      "num"
      "title"
      "authors"
      "meta"
      "abstract";
    padding: 1rem 1rem 1.1rem;
  }

  .pub-num {
    padding-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: -0.15rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
}

/* Narrow phones & tablets: spacing */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .brand {
    min-height: 44px;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .page-heading {
    font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 6vw, 1.85rem);
    line-height: 1.2;
    word-break: break-word;
  }

  .lab-hero {
    padding: 18px 16px;
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .lab-logo {
    width: min(120px, 42vw);
    margin-inline: auto;
  }

  .project-grid {
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .project-card {
    padding: 1.05rem 1.05rem 1.15rem;
  }

  .lab-footer-note {
    padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
  }

  section.pub-year {
    margin-top: 1.85rem;
  }

  h2.pub-year-heading {
    font-size: 0.98rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .container {
    padding-top: 22px;
    padding-left: max(16px, env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px));
    padding-right: max(16px, env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px));
  }

  .site-header-inner {
    padding-left: max(16px, env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px));
    padding-right: max(16px, env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px));
  }

  .headshot {
    width: min(260px, 88vw);
  }

  .hero-text {
    min-width: 0;
  }

  .people-list {
    padding-left: 1.2rem;
  }
}